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Malware

Published:

May 5, 2025

Updated:

AUG 18, 2025

Who can use this content?

Individuals

What is malware?

Malware, short for “malicious software,” is any software designed to harm your computer, smartphone, or network. It can damage your device, steal your information, or let hackers control your system without your knowledge.

Different types of malware

Learn about the common types of malware and how they are different.

Virus

A computer virus is a type of software designed to copy itself into other programs, files or device storage like hard drives and USB drives. It is a program that can reproduce and spread itself.

Worm

Computer worms are harmful software that can make copies of themselves and spread without needing user interaction. This makes them very dangerous because they can quickly infect many computers without any action from users. The damage they can cause ranges from making computers run slowly to completely losing important information. 

Trojan horse
A Trojan horse in cybersecurity is a type of malware that disguises itself as a trustworthy program, tricking users into running it and allowing harmful code to infect their devices. Unlike viruses or worms, Trojans do not replicate themselves; they rely on users being deceived into installing them, often through clever social engineering tactics.
Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of harmful software that locks your files and prevents you from accessing them. Cybercriminals demand payment for the key needed to unlock your data, and they can take control of your system, steal sensitive information, or erase important files. They may also threaten to publish any stolen data if you refuse to pay their ransom.
Spyware
Spyware is a type of harmful software that hides on your device and secretly tracks your activities. It can monitor what you type, the applications you use, the websites you browse, and the files you open. Some advanced forms of spyware can even activate your camera and microphone, allowing them to observe you directly.
Adware
Adware is a type of software that you didn’t ask for, and it displays unwanted advertisements on your computer. In addition to showing ads, it can also track your online activities to deliver even more targeted advertisements based on your interests.

How do devices get infected with malware?

Malware often enters your device through:

  • Opening fake emails or attachments
  • Downloading software from untrusted websites
  • Clicking on fake ads or pop-ups
  • Using infected USB devices
  • Visiting unsafe websites

    How do you know if you are infected with malware?

    There are many ways you can tell if your device is infected with malware. Some signs include:

    • Your device is slow or crashing
    • You see a lot of pop-ups or strange ads
    • Your homescreen and settings have changed
    • You’re files are missing or locked
    • You’re asked to pay money to unlock something

    Protect yourself from malware

    Regularly update your devices and software

    Keep your device, and your installed software and apps updated.

    Use strong, unique passwords

    Use strong and unique passwords on your devices and online accounts

    Enable multifactor authentication (MFA)

    Add an extra layer of security to your online accounts